Lwm yam petrochemical catalysts
Lwm yam petrochemical catalysts
Hydration yog ib qho tshuaj tiv thaiv uas cov dej sib txuas nrog lwm cov khoom los ua ib qho molecule.Cov dej molecules nrog nws cov hydrogen thiab hydroxyl thiab cov khoom molecules unsaturated daim ntawv cog lus ntxiv rau tsim cov tebchaw tshiab, nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem no plays lub luag hauj lwm catalytic nyob rau hauv cov khoom hu ua hydration catalyst, no synthesis txoj kev tau siv nyob rau hauv cov organic tshuaj ntau lawm.Cov txheej txheem hydration yog ib qho ntawm cov organic synthesis, tab sis raws li txoj kev tsim khoom tseem ceeb, nws tsuas yog txwv rau ob peb hom khoom, xws li ethanol thiab diols.
Lub cev qhuav dej tuaj yeem ua tau los ntawm cua sov lossis catalyst lossis los ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nrog tus neeg ua kom lub cev qhuav dej.Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv lub cev qhuav dej yog cov txheej txheem thim rov qab ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv hydration, feem ntau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv endothermic, feem ntau, qhov kub thiab txias yog qhov tsim nyog rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv.Tsis tas li ntawd, feem ntau ntawm cov txheej txheem lub cev qhuav dej yuav tsum tau ua nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm catalysts.Cov catalyst siv nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem hydration - acid catalyst kuj haum rau lub cev qhuav dej, feem ntau siv yog sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, aluminium oxide thiab hais txog.Cov catalysts sib txawv muaj cov khoom tseem ceeb sib txawv thiab kev xaiv siab.
Alkylation yog kev hloov ntawm ib pawg alkyl los ntawm ib lub molecule mus rau lwm tus.Ib qho tshuaj tiv thaiv uas ib pawg alkyl (methyl, ethyl, thiab lwm yam) tau nkag mus rau hauv ib qho tshuaj molecule.Alkylation cov neeg ua haujlwm feem ntau siv hauv kev lag luam yog olefin, halane, alkyl sulfate ester, thiab lwm yam.
Nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem refining txheej txheem, lub alkylation system ua ke tsis tshua muaj molecular yuag alkenes (feem ntau propylene thiab butene) nrog isobutane siv ib tug catalyst (sulfonic los yog hydrofluoric acid) tsim alkylates (feem ntau siab dua octanes, sab alkanes).Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv alkylation tuaj yeem muab faib ua thermal alkylation thiab catalytic alkylation.Vim tias qhov kub siab ntawm thermal alkylation cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, nws yog ib qho yooj yim los tsim pyrolysis thiab lwm yam kev cuam tshuam sab, yog li catalytic alkylation txoj kev yog saws nyob rau hauv kev lag luam.
Vim tias sulfuric acid thiab hydrofluoric acid muaj cov kua qaub muaj zog, cov khoom siv corrosion yog qhov hnyav heev.Yog li ntawd, los ntawm kev xav ntawm kev nyab xeeb thiab kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig, ob lub catalysts tsis yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws catalysts.Tam sim no, cov khoom siv superacid yog siv los ua alkylation catalyst, tab sis nws tseem tsis tau mus txog theem ntawm kev lag luam thov kom deb li deb.
Kev sib hloov ntawm ib isomer nrog rau lwm tus.Tus txheej txheem ntawm kev hloov cov qauv ntawm ib tug compound tsis hloov nws muaj pes tsawg leeg los yog molecular hnyav.Ib qho kev hloov hauv txoj hauj lwm ntawm ib qho atom los yog pawg hauv cov organic compound molecule.Feem ntau nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm catalysts.
Ib hom hydrocarbon tuaj yeem hloov pauv mus rau ob hom sib txawv hydrocarbon los ntawm kev siv cov txheej txheem tsis sib xws, yog li kev tsis sib xws yog ib txoj hauv kev tseem ceeb los tswj cov khoom siv thiab kev thov ntawm hydrocarbon hauv kev lag luam.Cov ntawv thov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog toluene disproportionation kom nce xylene ntau lawm thiab tsim kom muaj purity benzene ib txhij, thiab propylene disproportionation los tsim triolefin txheej txheem ntawm polymer-qib ethylene thiab siab purity butene.Kev hloov pauv ntawm toluene rau benzene thiab xylene feem ntau siv silicon aluminium catalyst.Tam sim no, kev tshawb fawb nrov tshaj plaws yog molecular sieve catalyst, xws li meridionite-hom silk molecular sieve.
Sau koj cov lus ntawm no thiab xa tuaj rau peb
